{"id":1155,"date":"2021-07-22T23:40:57","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T15:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/?p=1155"},"modified":"2021-07-24T00:01:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T16:01:18","slug":"eces-lec21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/eces-lec21\/","title":{"rendered":"\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u80fd\u91cf\u7cfb\u7d71 IV\u50b3\u8f38\u73fe\u8c61Transport Phenomena \u8ab2\u7a0b21: \u56fa\u9ad4\u8207\u6fc3\u7e2e\u6eb6\u6db2Solids and Concentrated Solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1 \u56fa\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u50b3\u8f38<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 \u64f4\u6563Diffusion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u555f\u52d5\u64f4\u6563thermally activated diffusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1156\" width=\"424\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-29.png 847w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-29-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-29-768x356.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><figcaption>\u57161 \u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u555f\u52d5\u8f49\u79fbthermally activated transitions\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u64f4\u6563particle diffusion<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u904e\u591a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u4f4d\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u98c4\u79fb\u6216\u504f\u58d3\u7684\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u555f\u52d5\u8f49\u79fb\u5c6c\u65bc\u96a8\u6a5f\u6f2b\u6b65\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578\u662f(\u8f49\u79fb)\u6b65\u4f10\u9593\u4e2d\u6578\u5e73\u5747\u6642\u9593mean-average time\u7684\u51fd\u6578\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>    <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-30-1024x83.png\" alt=\"eqn 1\" class=\"wp-image-1158\" width=\"512\" height=\"42\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-30-1024x83.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-30-300x24.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-30-768x62.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-30.png 1098w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption>\u03c4 \u662f(\u8f49\u79fb)\u6b65\u4f10\u9593\u4e2d\u6578 <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f49\u79fb\u4e2d\u6578\u5e73\u5747\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u662f\u8f49\u79fb\u72c0\u614btransition state\u8207\u7a69\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u72c0\u614bstable original  state\u9593\u7684\u4f4d\u80fd\u5dee\u8dddpotential energy gap\u51fd\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-31-1024x86.png\" alt=\"eqn 2\" class=\"wp-image-1161\" width=\"492\" height=\"41\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-31-1024x86.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-31-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-31-768x64.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-31.png 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>1\/\u03c4<sub>0<\/sub>\u221dT = \u8f49\u79fb\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u56de\u60f3 \u00b5<sup>ex<\/sup> = k<sub>B<\/sub>T ln \u03b3 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u555f\u52d5\u4fc2\u6578activity coefficients\u8868\u793a\u56fa\u9ad4\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578diffusivity\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-32-1024x106.png\" alt=\"eqn 3\" class=\"wp-image-1164\" width=\"512\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-32-1024x106.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-32-300x31.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-32-768x80.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-32.png 1071w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82e5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5247\u53ef\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7c21\u5316\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1.1 \u7a00\u91cb\u9650\u5236Dilute limit<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u70ba\u03b3\u53ca\u03b3<sub>TS<\/sub>\u4e26\u4e0d\u53d7\u6fc3\u5ea6 c \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-33-1024x214.png\" alt=\"eqn 4\" class=\"wp-image-1165\" width=\"512\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-33-1024x214.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-33-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-33-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-33.png 1078w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u0394E<sub>A<\/sub> = E<sub>TS<\/sub> &#8211; E<sub>min<\/sub>\u70ba\u555f\u52d5\u80fd\u91cf\u969c\u7919\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1.2 \u7406\u60f3\u56fa\u9ad4\u6eb6\u6db2(\u6676\u683c\u6c23\u9ad4Lattice gas)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u6676\u683c\u6c23\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u8f49\u79fb\u72c0\u614b\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u7a7a\u7f3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-34.png\" alt=\"fig 2\" class=\"wp-image-1166\" width=\"434\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-34.png 867w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-34-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-34-768x699.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><figcaption>\u57162 \u6676\u683c\u6c23\u9ad4\u8f49\u79fb\u72c0\u614b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5169\u500b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-35-1024x86.png\" alt=\"eqn 5\" class=\"wp-image-1167\" width=\"512\" height=\"43\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-35-1024x86.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-35-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-35-768x64.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-35.png 1077w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c3\u6578(1-c\/c<sub>max<\/sub>)\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5047\u8a2d\u5206\u5b50\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u958b\u59cb(\u72c0\u614b1)\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u4f4d\u7f6e(\u72c0\u614b2)\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1.3 \u4e00\u822c\u6027\u60c5\u6cc1<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-36-1024x80.png\" alt=\"eqn 6\" class=\"wp-image-1168\" width=\"512\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-36-1024x80.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-36-300x23.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-36-768x60.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-36.png 1075w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" class=\"wp-image-1169\" style=\"width: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20210723.stress-tensor.png\" alt=\"stress tensor\">\u70ba\u61c9\u529b\u5f35\u91cf\u3002<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"24\" class=\"wp-image-1170\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20210723.eqn-including-stress-tensor.png\" alt=\"eqn including stress tensor\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20210723.eqn-including-stress-tensor.png 342w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20210723.eqn-including-stress-tensor-300x48.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>, \u5176\u4e2d<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" class=\"wp-image-1171\" style=\"width: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20210723.activation-stress-tensor.png\" alt=\"activation stress tensor\">\u70ba\u555f\u52d5\u61c9\u8b8a\u5f35\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f49\u79fb\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2192\u61c9\u529b\u8f14\u52a9\u7684\u56fa\u9ad4\u64f4\u6563stress-assisted diffusion in solids<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 \u98c4\u79fb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u53ea\u770b\u7576\u8ddd\u96e2\u70ba x \u6642\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u80fd\u68af\u5ea6\u51fd\u6578\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-37.png\" alt=\"\u57163 \u56e0\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u80fd\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u98c4\u79fb\" class=\"wp-image-1174\" width=\"505\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-37.png 1009w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-37-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-37-768x441.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><figcaption>\u57163 \u56e0\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u80fd\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u98c4\u79fb<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\u57164 \u5206\u5b50\u7a7f\u8d8a\u8f49\u79fb\u72c0\u614b\" class=\"wp-image-1175\" width=\"144\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-38.png 288w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-38-250x300.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 144px) 100vw, 144px\" \/><figcaption>\u57164 \u5206\u5b50\u7a7f\u8d8a\u8f49\u79fb\u72c0\u614b<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-39-1024x217.png\" alt=\"eqn 7~9\" class=\"wp-image-1176\" width=\"512\" height=\"109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-39-1024x217.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-39-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-39-768x163.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-39.png 1129w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u91cf F = R\/A<sub>x<\/sub> , \u5176\u4e2dR\u70bax\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6de8\u98c4\u79fb\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-40-1024x69.png\" alt=\"eqn 10\" class=\"wp-image-1177\" width=\"512\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-40-1024x69.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-40-300x20.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-40-768x52.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-40.png 1073w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>R<sub>0<\/sub> = 1\/2\u03c4<sub>0<\/sub> (\u56e0\u81ea\u969c\u7919barrier\u5b8c\u6210\u8f49\u79fbtransition\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u70ba1\/2) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8a2d \u00b5(x) \u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u5f97\u6975\u6162\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-42-1024x643.png\" alt=\"eqn 11 12\" class=\"wp-image-1179\" width=\"512\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-42-1024x643.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-42-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-42-768x482.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-42.png 1099w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u8655\uff0c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-1180\" style=\"width: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20210723.pmu-over-px.png\" alt=\"pmu over px\">\u4e00\u822c\u6027\/\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u529b\u9053\u3002\u5f9e\u672a\u5e73\u8861\u71b1\u529b\u5b78nonequilibrium thermodynamics\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-43-1024x72.png\" alt=\"wqn 13\" class=\"wp-image-1181\" width=\"512\" height=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-43-1024x72.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-43-300x21.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-43-768x54.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-43.png 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2dM\u662f\u79fb\u52d5\u6027mobility (\u901f\u5ea6\/\u529b\u91cf=1\/\u62c9\u529b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u6b63\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457<strong>\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-44-1024x54.png\" alt=\"eqn 14\" class=\"wp-image-1184\" width=\"512\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-44-1024x54.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-44-300x16.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-44-768x40.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-44.png 1066w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793a\u8e64\u5291\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u6027\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6fc3\u7e2e\u6eb6\u6db2(\u6216\u56fa\u9ad4)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u56fa\u614b\u6eb6\u6db2\/\u6676\u683c\u6c23\u9ad4<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-45-1024x449.png\" alt=\"eqn 15\" class=\"wp-image-1185\" width=\"512\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-45-1024x449.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-45-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-45-768x337.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-45.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7576c\u2192c<sub>max<\/sub>\u6642\u56e0\u5468\u908a\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u5f37\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u9a45\u52d5\u529b\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u793a\u8e64\u5291\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc\u96f6\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u5f80\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-1188\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Capture2.png\" alt=\"diffusivity\">. \u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u53cd\u61c9\u53d6\u6d88\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u5316\u5b78\u64f4\u6563\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u6fc3\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5b9a\u503c\u4e14\u7b49\u65bc\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u7a7a\u7f3a\u793a\u8e64\u5291\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4fc2\u6578\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-46-1024x74.png\" alt=\"eqn 16\" class=\"wp-image-1189\" width=\"512\" height=\"37\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-46-1024x74.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-46-300x22.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-46-768x55.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-46.png 1094w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u83f2\u514b\u5b9a\u5f8b Fick&#8217;s law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6676\u9ad4\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u82e5\u5c0d\u6676\u683c\u6c23\u9ad4\u5047\u8a2d<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-1188\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Capture2.png\" alt=\"diffusivity\">, \u90a3\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u03bc(c, x, &#8230;)\u6a21\u578b\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-47-1024x155.png\" alt=\"eqn 17\" class=\"wp-image-1190\" width=\"512\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-47-1024x155.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-47-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-47-768x117.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-47.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u6b64\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u5b88\u6046\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u70ba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-48-1024x77.png\" alt=\"conservation equation\" class=\"wp-image-1191\" width=\"512\" height=\"39\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-48-1024x77.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-48-300x23.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-48-768x58.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-48.png 1078w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e26\u5728\u56fa\u614b\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u6676\u683c\u6c23\u9ad4\u70baCahn-Hilliard\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002(\u898b\u8ab2\u7a0b38)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2 \u6fc3\u7e2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u7406\u8ad6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fc3\u7e2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u80fd\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-49-1024x197.png\" alt=\"eqn 18\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" width=\"512\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-49-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-49-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-49-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-49.png 1064w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6fc3\u7e2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u91cfF\u70ba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-50-1024x233.png\" alt=\"eqn 19\" class=\"wp-image-1195\" width=\"512\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-50-1024x233.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-50-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-50-768x175.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-50.png 1078w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u6539\u5beb\u70ba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-51-1024x66.png\" alt=\"eqn 20\" class=\"wp-image-1198\" width=\"512\" height=\"33\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-51-1024x66.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-51-300x19.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-51-768x50.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-51.png 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u8655\uff0cD<sub>chem<\/sub>\u6709\u5169\u6548\u679c\u5171\u540c\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-52-1024x138.png\" alt=\"eqn 21\" class=\"wp-image-1199\" width=\"512\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-52-1024x138.png 1024w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-52-300x40.png 300w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-52-768x103.png 768w, https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-52.png 1033w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-1200\" style=\"width: 70px;\" src=\"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-53.png\" alt=\"diffusity\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1 \u56fa\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u50b3\u8f38 1.1 \u64f4\u6563Diffu&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1155"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1155"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1155\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepowers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}